LL-37
Mechanism.
LL-37 is the only cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide found in humans. It is a 37-amino-acid peptide (beginning with two leucines, hence 'LL') cleaved from the precursor protein hCAP18 and is produced by immune cells, epithelial cells, and other tissues. LL-37 has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and also functions as an immune modulator, wound healing promoter, and anti-biofilm agent.
LL-37 is like a special forces soldier in your immune system — it directly punches holes in bacterial armor (membrane disruption), calls in backup troops (immune cell recruitment), breaks down enemy fortifications (biofilm disruption), and helps rebuild the town after the battle (wound healing).
How it's taken.
Values below describe how LL-37 has been administered in published trials and labeling. Provided for educational purposes only — this is not medical advice and not instructions for self-administration. Consult your healthcare provider before making any health decision.
Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide. Research compound. Used off-label for immune support and biofilm-associated infections. Endogenous production is vitamin D-dependent. No FDA-approved indication.
Use the free peptide calculator for dilution, unit conversion, and injection volume.
Side effects, rare serious events, who shouldn't.
Every study we cite.
Each study with its published finding and a plain-language note on limitations or funding.