Pinealon
Also known as: Pinealon · EDR · Glu-Asp-Arg
Research focus
Neuroprotection in cognitive aging models; oxidative-stress resistance; geroprotection.
US regulatory status
Not FDA-approved · Not compoundable
Evidence rating
No Human Data
Origin
Designed by the Khavinson group as a synthetic tripeptide modeled on fragments identified in pineal extract research. Developed primarily for experimental neuroprotection and anti-aging studies.
Plain-language summary
Pinealon is a three-amino-acid synthetic peptide designed as a research tool in Khavinson-group geroscience work. Available data is largely from cell culture and rodent studies suggesting cognitive and antioxidative effects. Human data is very limited. It is not FDA-approved and not legally compoundable in the United States.
Claimed mechanism (as reported)
Russian literature proposes that Pinealon penetrates the blood-brain barrier, influences gene expression in neural tissue, and reduces markers of oxidative injury in cultured neurons and animal brain. Mechanism details remain at the preclinical-proposal stage; the neuron-targeting model has not been independently validated outside the originating research group.
Evidence summary
Preclinical only. Cell-culture and rodent behavioral studies form the bulk of the literature. English-language publications are scarce and concentrated in a small number of authors. No published randomized controlled trials in humans as of 2026.
What the research reports
Neuroprotective effect of Pinealon on neurons under oxidative stress (preclinical)
Grade BArutjunyan A, Kozina L, Khavinson VKh et al. · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · 2012–2017
Reported finding: Reported reduction in oxidative-stress markers and improved survival of cultured neurons exposed to glutamate or hypoxia. Rodent behavioral assays (Morris water maze variants) showed performance improvements in aged or prenatally-stressed animals.
Sample: In-vitro and rodent models only
Methodology: B (preclinical) — reproducible cell-culture findings within the originating group
Limitations: No independent replication outside the originating group; no human data.
Administration reported in studies
Published animal studies use intranasal or intraperitoneal dosing in microgram-per-kg ranges. No human dosing data exists in the peer-reviewed literature. This section describes research conditions only.
This section reports what published studies describe. It is not a dosing recommendation from TPS.
Safety record
No human safety data available. Preclinical tolerability in rodent models appears acceptable within the limited published follow-up. Long-term or reproductive safety data does not exist.
US legal status
Not FDA-approved. Not on the 503A bulk list. Not legally compoundable in the United States. Internet-sourced 'research chemical' material is not verified for purity or potency by TPS.
Open research questions
- ? Does Pinealon cross the blood-brain barrier meaningfully in humans at any dosing route?
- ? Are the antioxidative cell-culture findings reproducible in independent laboratories?
- ? What human pharmacokinetic and safety data would be required before a Phase 1 study?
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Summaries of the Russian and English-language literature, bias-checked and plainly framed.
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